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Biro Umroh Plus Terjangkau Hubungi 021-9929-2337 atau 0821-2406-5740 Alhijaz Indowisata adalah perusahaan swasta nasional yang bergerak di bidang tour dan travel. Nama Alhijaz terinspirasi dari istilah dua kota suci bagi umat islam pada zaman nabi Muhammad saw. yaitu Makkah dan Madinah. Dua kota yang penuh berkah sehingga diharapkan menular dalam kinerja perusahaan. Sedangkan Indowisata merupakan akronim dari kata indo yang berarti negara Indonesia dan wisata yang menjadi fokus usaha bisnis kami.

Biro Umroh Plus Terjangkau Alhijaz Indowisata didirikan oleh Bapak H. Abdullah Djakfar Muksen pada tahun 2010. Merangkak dari kecil namun pasti, alhijaz berkembang pesat dari mulai penjualan tiket maskapai penerbangan domestik dan luar negeri, tour domestik hingga mengembangkan ke layanan jasa umrah dan haji khusus. Tak hanya itu, pada tahun 2011 Alhijaz kembali membuka divisi baru yaitu provider visa umrah yang bekerja sama dengan muassasah arab saudi. Sebagai komitmen legalitas perusahaan dalam melayani pelanggan dan jamaah secara aman dan profesional, saat ini perusahaan telah mengantongi izin resmi dari pemerintah melalui kementrian pariwisata, lalu izin haji khusus dan umrah dari kementrian agama. Selain itu perusahaan juga tergabung dalam komunitas organisasi travel nasional seperti Asita, komunitas penyelenggara umrah dan haji khusus yaitu HIMPUH dan organisasi internasional yaitu IATA.

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perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa sewa mobi jakarta dan sekitarnya. Kami juga menerima sewa mobil harian serta bulanan. Ka

perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa sewa mobi jakarta dan sekitarnya. Kami juga menerima sewa mobil harian serta bulanan. Kami telah memiliki berbagai macam mobil yang siap pakai untuk dapat mengantar anda kemanapun yang anda inginkan.

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Selain kami menerima perjalanan di jakarta, bogor, depok, tangerang, dan bekasi. Kami juga menerima perjalanan luar kota seperti perjalanan di jawa, bali, dan sumatera. Kami akan selalu berusaha menyiapkan armada yang terbaik.

Harga jasa sewa mobil kami adalah yang paling murah, maka dari itu perusahaan sewa mobil kami selalu mengutamakan persaingan harga yang terbaik. Namun, walaupun harga rental mobil kami murah tetapi kami tetap mengutamakan pelayanan kami sehingga membuat cusotmer-customer kami puas terhadap pelayanan yang kami berikan untuk para customer kami.

Kami selalu merawat kondisi serta mengecek kondisi kendaraan kami, sehingga layak untuk beroperasi sedemikian rupa. Selain itu selain perawatan mesin pada kendaraan kami. Kami juga mengutamakan kebersihan luar dan dalam terhadap armada-armada kami sehingga para customer kami nyaman berada di dalam armada-armada kami.

Kami siap mengantar anda kemanapun yang anda inginkan, anda tinggal menelpon jasa rental mobil kami dan deal dalam penawaran harga yang kami berikan setelah itu driver kami siap menjemput anda.

Ikan mas merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar, berbadan memanjang pipih kesamping dan lunak. Ikan mas sudah dipelihara sejak

Ikan mas merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar, berbadan memanjang pipih kesamping dan lunak. Ikan mas sudah dipelihara sejak tahun 475 sebelum masehi di Cina. Di Indonesia ikan mas mulai dipelihara sekitar tahun 1920. Ikan mas yang terdapat di Indonesia merupakan merupakan ikan mas yang dibawa dari Cina, Eropa, Taiwan dan Jepang. Ikan mas Punten dan Majalaya merupakan hasil seleksi di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini sudah terdapat 10 ikan mas yang dapat diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologisnya. Budidaya ikan mas telah berkembang pesat di kolam biasa, di sawah, waduk, sungai air deras, bahkan ada yang dipelihara dalam keramba di perairan umum Dalam ilmu taksonomi hewan, klasifikasi ikan mas adalah sebagai berikut: Kelas : Osteichthyes Anak kelas : Actinopterygii Bangsa : Cypriniformes Suku : Cyprinidae Marga : Cyprinus Jenis : Cyprinus carpio L. Saat ini ikan mas mempunyai banyak ras atau stain. Perbedaan sifat dan ciri dari ras disebabkan oleh adanya interaksi antara genotipe dan lingkungan kolam, musim dan cara pemeliharaan yang terlihat dari penampilan bentuk fisik, bentuk tubuh dan warnanya. Adapun ciri-ciri dari beberapa strain ikan mas adalah sebagai berikut: 1)Ikan mas punten: sisik berwarna hijau gelap; potongan badan paling pendek; bagian punggung tinggi melebar; mata agak menonjol; gerakannya gesit; perbandingan antara panjang badan dan tinggi badan antara 2,3:1. 2) Ikan mas majalaya: sisik berwarna hijau keabu-abuan dengan tepi sisik lebih gelap; punggung tinggi; badannya relatif pendek; gerakannya lamban, bila diberi makanan suka berenang di permukaan air; perbandingan panjang badan dengan tinggi badan antara 3,2:1. 3) Ikan mas si nyonya: sisik berwarna kuning muda; badan relatif panjang; mata pada ikan muda tidak menonjol, sedangkan ikan dewasa bermata sipit; gerakannya lamban, lebih suka berada di permukaan air; perbandingan panjang badan dengan tinggi badan antara 3,6:1. 4) Ikan mas taiwan: sisik berwarna hijau kekuning-kuningan; badan relatif panjang; penampang punggung membulat; mata agak menonjol; gerakan lebih gesit dan aktif; perbandingan panjang badan dengan tinggi badan antara 3,5:1. 5) Ikan mas koi: bentuk badan bulat panjang dan bersisisk penuh; warna sisik bermacam-macam seperti putih, kuning, merah menyala, atau kombinasi dari warna-warna tersebut. Beberapa ras koi adalah long tail Indonesian carp, long tail platinm nishikigoi, platinum nishikigoi, long tail shusui nishikigoi, shusi nishikigoi, kohaku hishikigoi, lonh tail hishikigoi, taishusanshoku nshikigoi dan long tail taishusanshoku nishikigoi. Budidaya Ikan Mas di Pandaisikek Budidaya ikan mas di Kenagaraian Pandaisikek masih menggunakan cara tradisonal. Dimana ikan dipelihara di kolam dengan berbagai ukuran sesuai ketersedian lahan. Biasanya kolam berada tidak jauh dari rumah pemilik.Usaha pemeliharan ikan hanya merupakan usaha sampingan, tidak di jumpai di Nagari ini masyarakat yang perekonimoannya ditopang sepenuhnya dari pembudidayaan ikan. Namun demikian pembudidayaan ikan cukup memberi konstribusi terhadap perekonomian pembudidaya karena dapat menghasilkan uang yang lumayan banyak pada sa’at tertentu atau saat panen. Pembudidayaan ikan ini tidak hanya terfokus pada ikan mas saja, dalam satu kolam bisa saja di jumpai jenis ikan lain seperti mujair/gurami, dan beberapa jenis ikan lainya. Ikan dipelihara secara alami yang mana tidak ada diberikan perlakuan khusus seperti pemberian pellet atau pemisahan bibit sesuai umur atau pertumbuhan. Makanan ikan bersumber dari sisa mencuci piring, ampas-ampas dapur, sayur rusak dari panen yang tidak memenuhi standar untuk di jual, kotoran manusia ( karena setip kolam di lengkapi dengan wc yang pembuangannya langsung ke kolam) dan jarang sekali pembudidaya yang member pellet untuk makan ikan peliharaanya. Akan tetapi harus di akui bahwa rasa daging ikan yang dipelihara dengan cara seperti ini jauh lebih enak dan lebih gurih ketimbang ikan yang diberi makan pellet. Air yang digunankan untuk menggenangi kolam bersumber dari air gunung, yaitu Gunung singgalang dan gunung Merapi ditambah dengan sumber dari mata air alam yang di Nagari Pandaisikek serta air buangan dari sawah penduduk. Tiap kolam mempunyai beberapa pembuangan air sesuai kondisi. Secara umum kolam mempunyai tiga pembuangan air. Pembuangan permukaan, bertujuan untuk menjaga ke stabilan tinggi air permukaan,agar tidak terlalu tinggi dan tidak terlalu rendah. Permukaan air yang terlalu tinggi akan menyebabkan ikan gampang meloncat keluar kolam, sedangkan permukaan yang terlalau rendah akan menyebabkan ikan gampang di mangsa oleh hama seperti anjing dan kucing air (berang-berang). Pembuangan air yang kedua yaitu pembuangan air tengah , berada hampir mendekati dasar kolam, kira-kira se lutut dari dasar kolam. Pembuangan ini berguna untuk pengeringan kolam dan untuk mengurangi air kolam saat panen tiba. Pembuangan air yang ketiga terletak pada dasar kolam, ini berguna saat melakuan pembersihan dasar kolam ketika selesai panen. , menghanyut lumpur dan sampah sampah yang berada di dasar kolam. Panen dilakukan sekali dalam setahun, biasanya pada saat menjelang lebaran Idil Fitri, dimana pada saat itu permintaan pasar akan kebutuhan ikan sangat tinggi. Biasanya panen diserahkan kepada orang yang berprofesi sampingan sebagai tukang panen ikan. Tengah malam atau menjelang subuh tukang panen membuka tutup pembuangan air tengah dengan tujuan mengurangi air kolam sehingga yang tersisa hanya sebatas lutut, dengan demikian proses penangkapan ikan akan lebih mudah di lakukan. Pembuangan air tengah ini bisa dilakukan pengaturan agar air keluar seimbang dengan air masuk. Setiap kolam memiliki kolam kecil yang terletak di punggang kolam atau posisinya berada sedikit di atas pembuangan air tengah, kolam kecil ini akan terlihat jika permukaan air sejajar dengan pembuangan air tengah. Fungsi kolam kecil ini adalah untuk menampung ikan kecil-kecil (anak ikan) yang dipisahkan saat panen. Panen dimulai setelah selesai sholat subuh atau kira-kira jam 5.30. Satu atau dua orang tukang panen masuk ke kolam dengan membawa alat panen yang disebut “tangguak”. Tangguak disisirkan ke kolam sehingga semua ikan berbagai jenis dan ukuran yang terkena akan masuk ke dalam tangguak. Kemudian tangguak yang sudah penuh ikan dibawa ke pinggir kolam dan selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan ikan. Pemisahan dilakukan berdasarkan jenis ikan dan ukuran, ada ukuran besar dan ada ukuran sedang. Ikan yang kecil akan di masukan ke dalam kolam kecil (kolam penampung bibit) yang sudah tersedia dan anak ikan ini akan dijadikan sebagai bibit untuk periode berikutnya. Proses ini dilakukan berulang-ulang sampai ikan yang ada dalam kolam habis. Setelah panen selesai, tahap selanjutnya adalah melakukan pembersihan kolam dari endapan lumpur dan sampah. Untuk itu perlu membuka tutup pembuangan dasar. Sebelum membuka tutup pembuangan dasar dipastikan dulu kalau debet air masuk cukup untuk menghanyutkan lumpur dan sampah. Dengan demikian proses pembuangan endapan lumpur akan lebih cepat dan mudah dilakukan. Setelah kolam bersih dari sampah dan endapan lumpur maka lobang pembuangan dasar dan lobang pembuangan tengah ditutup kembali dengan tujuan agar kolam terisi penuh lagi dengan air. Anak ikan (ikan bibit ) yang tadinya berada dalam kolam kecil penampung sementara, secara perlahan akan dapat berenang bebas sejalan dengan terendamnya kolam penampungan bibit tersebut. Jika bibit dirasa kurang dengan ukuran kolam yang ada maka dilakukan penaburan bibit tambahan yang di beli dari luar. Selesai sudah proses panen, pemilik kolam menunggu sampai tahun depan hingga siap lagi untuk di panen.(EC-1266).

WASHINGTON — A decade after emergency trailers meant to shelter Hurricane Katrina victims instead caused burning eyes, sore throats and other more serious ailments, the Environmental Protection Agency is on the verge of regulating the culprit: formaldehyde, a chemical that can be found in commonplace things like clothes and furniture.

But an unusual assortment of players, including furniture makers, the Chinese government, Republicans from states with a large base of furniture manufacturing and even some Democrats who championed early regulatory efforts, have questioned the E.P.A. proposal. The sustained opposition has held sway, as the agency is now preparing to ease key testing requirements before it releases the landmark federal health standard.

The E.P.A.’s five-year effort to adopt this rule offers another example of how industry opposition can delay and hamper attempts by the federal government to issue regulations, even to control substances known to be harmful to human health.

Continue reading the main story
 

Document: The Formaldehyde Fight

Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen that can also cause respiratory ailments like asthma, but the potential of long-term exposure to cause cancers like myeloid leukemia is less well understood.

The E.P.A.’s decision would be the first time that the federal government has regulated formaldehyde inside most American homes.

“The stakes are high for public health,” said Tom Neltner, senior adviser for regulatory affairs at the National Center for Healthy Housing, who has closely monitored the debate over the rules. “What we can’t have here is an outcome that fails to confront the health threat we all know exists.”

The proposal would not ban formaldehyde — commonly used as an ingredient in wood glue in furniture and flooring — but it would impose rules that prevent dangerous levels of the chemical’s vapors from those products, and would set testing standards to ensure that products sold in the United States comply with those limits. The debate has sharpened in the face of growing concern about the safety of formaldehyde-treated flooring imported from Asia, especially China.

What is certain is that a lot of money is at stake: American companies sell billions of dollars’ worth of wood products each year that contain formaldehyde, and some argue that the proposed regulation would impose unfair costs and restrictions.

Determined to block the agency’s rule as proposed, these industry players have turned to the White House, members of Congress and top E.P.A. officials, pressing them to roll back the testing requirements in particular, calling them redundant and too expensive.

“There are potentially over a million manufacturing jobs that will be impacted if the proposed rule is finalized without changes,” wrote Bill Perdue, the chief lobbyist at the American Home Furnishings Alliance, a leading critic of the testing requirements in the proposed regulation, in one letter to the E.P.A.

Industry opposition helped create an odd alignment of forces working to thwart the rule. The White House moved to strike out key aspects of the proposal. Subsequent appeals for more changes were voiced by players as varied as Senator Barbara Boxer, Democrat of California, and Senator Roger Wicker, Republican of Mississippi, as well as furniture industry lobbyists.

Hurricane Katrina in 2005 helped ignite the public debate over formaldehyde, after the deadly storm destroyed or damaged hundreds of thousands of homes along the Gulf of Mexico, forcing families into temporary trailers provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The displaced storm victims quickly began reporting respiratory problems, burning eyes and other issues, and tests then confirmed high levels of formaldehyde fumes leaking into the air inside the trailers, which in many cases had been hastily constructed.

Public health advocates petitioned the E.P.A. to issue limits on formaldehyde in building materials and furniture used in homes, given that limits already existed for exposure in workplaces. But three years after the storm, only California had issued such limits.

Industry groups like the American Chemistry Council have repeatedly challenged the science linking formaldehyde to cancer, a position championed by David Vitter, the Republican senator from Louisiana, who is a major recipient of chemical industry campaign contributions, and whom environmental groups have mockingly nicknamed “Senator Formaldehyde.”

Continue reading the main story

Formaldehyde in Laminate Flooring

In laminate flooring, formaldehyde is used as a bonding agent in the fiberboard (or other composite wood) core layer and may also be used in glues that bind layers together. Concerns were raised in March when certain laminate flooring imported from China was reported to contain levels of formaldehyde far exceeding the limit permitted by California.

Typical

laminate

flooring

CLEAR FINISH LAYER

Often made of melamine resin

PATTERN LAYER

Paper printed to resemble wood,

or a thin wood veneer

GLUE

Layers may be bound using

formaldehyde-based glues

CORE LAYER

Fiberboard or other

composite, formed using

formaldehyde-based adhesives

BASE LAYER

Moisture-resistant vapor barrier

What is formaldehyde?

Formaldehyde is a common chemical used in many industrial and household products as an adhesive, bonding agent or preservative. It is classified as a volatile organic compound. The term volatile means that, at room temperature, formaldehyde will vaporize, or become a gas. Products made with formaldehyde tend to release this gas into the air. If breathed in large quantities, it may cause health problems.

WHERE IT IS COMMONLY FOUND

POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS

Pressed-wood and composite wood products

Wallpaper and paints

Spray foam insulation used in construction

Commercial wood floor finishes

Crease-resistant fabrics

In cigarette smoke, or in the fumes from combustion of other materials, including wood, oil and gasoline.

Exposure to formaldehyde in sufficient amounts may cause eye, throat or skin irritation, allergic reactions, and respiratory problems like coughing, wheezing or asthma.

Long-term exposure to high levels has been associated with cancer in humans and laboratory animals.

Exposure to formaldehyde may affect some people more severely than others.

By 2010, public health advocates and some industry groups secured bipartisan support in Congress for legislation that ordered the E.P.A. to issue federal rules that largely mirrored California’s restrictions. At the time, concerns were rising over the growing number of lower-priced furniture imports from Asia that might include contaminated products, while also hurting sales of American-made products.

Maneuvering began almost immediately after the E.P.A. prepared draft rules to formally enact the new standards.

White House records show at least five meetings in mid-2012 with industry executives — kitchen cabinet makers, chemical manufacturers, furniture trade associations and their lobbyists, like Brock R. Landry, of the Venable law firm. These parties, along with Senator Vitter’s office, appealed to top administration officials, asking them to intervene to roll back the E.P.A. proposal.

The White House Office of Management and Budget, which reviews major federal regulations before they are adopted, apparently agreed. After the White House review, the E.P.A. “redlined” many of the estimates of the monetary benefits that would be gained by reductions in related health ailments, like asthma and fertility issues, documents reviewed by The New York Times show.

As a result, the estimated benefit of the proposed rule dropped to $48 million a year, from as much as $278 million a year. The much-reduced amount deeply weakened the agency’s justification for the sometimes costly new testing that would be required under the new rules, a federal official involved in the effort said.

“It’s a redlining blood bath,” said Lisa Heinzerling, a Georgetown University Law School professor and a former E.P.A. official, using the Washington phrase to describe when language is stricken from a proposed rule. “Almost the entire discussion of these potential benefits was excised.”

Senator Vitter’s staff was pleased.

“That’s a huge difference,” said Luke Bolar, a spokesman for Mr. Vitter, of the reduced estimated financial benefits, saying the change was “clearly highlighting more mismanagement” at the E.P.A.

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The review’s outcome galvanized opponents in the furniture industry. They then targeted a provision that mandated new testing of laminated wood, a cheaper alternative to hardwood. (The California standard on which the law was based did not require such testing.)

But E.P.A. scientists had concluded that these laminate products — millions of which are sold annually in the United States — posed a particular risk. They said that when thin layers of wood, also known as laminate or veneer, are added to furniture or flooring in the final stages of manufacturing, the resulting product can generate dangerous levels of fumes from often-used formaldehyde-based glues.

Industry executives, outraged by what they considered an unnecessary and financially burdensome level of testing, turned every lever within reach to get the requirement removed. It would be particularly onerous, they argued, for small manufacturers that would have to repeatedly interrupt their work to do expensive new testing. The E.P.A. estimated that the expanded requirements for laminate products would cost the furniture industry tens of millions of dollars annually, while the industry said that the proposed rule over all would cost its 7,000 American manufacturing facilities over $200 million each year.

“A lot of people don’t seem to appreciate what a lot of these requirements do to a small operation,” said Dick Titus, executive vice president of the Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association, whose members are predominantly small businesses. “A 10-person shop, for example, just really isn’t equipped to handle that type of thing.”

Photo
 
Becky Gillette wants strong regulation of formaldehyde. Credit Beth Hall for The New York Times

Big industry players also weighed in. Executives from companies including La-Z-Boy, Hooker Furniture and Ashley Furniture all flew to Washington for a series of meetings with the offices of lawmakers including House Speaker John Boehner, Republican of Ohio, and about a dozen other lawmakers, asking several of them to sign a letter prepared by the industry to press the E.P.A. to back down, according to an industry report describing the lobbying visit.

Within a matter of weeks, two letters — using nearly identical language — were sent by House and Senate lawmakers to the E.P.A. — with the industry group forwarding copies of the letters to the agency as well, and then posting them on its website.

The industry lobbyists also held their own meeting at E.P.A. headquarters, and they urged Jim Jones, who oversaw the rule-making process as the assistant administrator for the agency’s Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, to visit a North Carolina furniture manufacturing plant. According to the trade group, Mr. Jones told them that the visit had “helped the agency shift its thinking” about the rules and how laminated products should be treated.

The resistance was particularly intense from lawmakers like Mr. Wicker of Mississippi, whose state is home to major manufacturing plants owned by Ashley Furniture Industries, the world’s largest furniture maker, and who is one of the biggest recipients in Congress of donations from the industry’s trade association. Asked if the political support played a role, a spokesman for Mr. Wicker replied: “Thousands of Mississippians depend on the furniture manufacturing industry for their livelihoods. Senator Wicker is committed to defending all Mississippians from government overreach.”

Individual companies like Ikea also intervened, as did the Chinese government, which claimed that the new rule would create a “great barrier” to the import of Chinese products because of higher costs.

Perhaps the most surprising objection came from Senator Boxer, of California, a longtime environmental advocate, whose office questioned why the E.P.A.’s rule went further than her home state’s in seeking testing on laminated products. “We did not advocate an outcome, other than safety,” her office said in a statement about why the senator raised concerns. “We said ‘Take a look to see if you have it right.’ ”

Safety advocates say that tighter restrictions — like the ones Ms. Boxer and Mr. Wicker, along with Representative Doris Matsui, a California Democrat, have questioned — are necessary, particularly for products coming from China, where items as varied as toys and Christmas lights have been found to violate American safety standards.

While Mr. Neltner, the environmental advocate who has been most involved in the review process, has been open to compromise, he has pressed the E.P.A. not to back down entirely, and to maintain a requirement that laminators verify that their products are safe.

An episode of CBS’s “60 Minutes” in March brought attention to the issue when it accused Lumber Liquidators, the discount flooring retailer, of selling laminate products with dangerous levels of formaldehyde. The company has disputed the show’s findings and test methods, maintaining that its products are safe.

“People think that just because Congress passed the legislation five years ago, the problem has been fixed,” said Becky Gillette, who then lived in coastal Mississippi, in the area hit by Hurricane Katrina, and was among the first to notice a pattern of complaints from people living in the trailers. “Real people’s faces and names come up in front of me when I think of the thousands of people who could get sick if this rule is not done right.”

An aide to Ms. Matsui rejected any suggestion that she was bending to industry pressure.

“From the beginning the public health has been our No. 1 concern,” said Kyle J. Victor, an aide to Ms. Matsui.

But further changes to the rule are likely, agency officials concede, as they say they are searching for a way to reduce the cost of complying with any final rule while maintaining public health goals. The question is just how radically the agency will revamp the testing requirement for laminated products — if it keeps it at all.

“It’s not a secret to anybody that is the most challenging issue,” said Mr. Jones, the E.P.A. official overseeing the process, adding that the health consequences from formaldehyde are real. “We have to reduce those exposures so that people can live healthy lives and not have to worry about being in their homes.”

Though Robin and Joan Rolfs owned two rare talking dolls manufactured by Thomas Edison’s phonograph company in 1890, they did not dare play the wax cylinder records tucked inside each one.

The Rolfses, longtime collectors of Edison phonographs, knew that if they turned the cranks on the dolls’ backs, the steel phonograph needle might damage or destroy the grooves of the hollow, ring-shaped cylinder. And so for years, the dolls sat side by side inside a display cabinet, bearers of a message from the dawn of sound recording that nobody could hear.

In 1890, Edison’s dolls were a flop; production lasted only six weeks. Children found them difficult to operate and more scary than cuddly. The recordings inside, which featured snippets of nursery rhymes, wore out quickly.

Yet sound historians say the cylinders were the first entertainment records ever made, and the young girls hired to recite the rhymes were the world’s first recording artists.

Year after year, the Rolfses asked experts if there might be a safe way to play the recordings. Then a government laboratory developed a method to play fragile records without touching them.

Audio

The technique relies on a microscope to create images of the grooves in exquisite detail. A computer approximates — with great accuracy — the sounds that would have been created by a needle moving through those grooves.

In 2014, the technology was made available for the first time outside the laboratory.

“The fear all along is that we don’t want to damage these records. We don’t want to put a stylus on them,” said Jerry Fabris, the curator of the Thomas Edison Historical Park in West Orange, N.J. “Now we have the technology to play them safely.”

Last month, the Historical Park posted online three never-before-heard Edison doll recordings, including the two from the Rolfses’ collection. “There are probably more out there, and we’re hoping people will now get them digitized,” Mr. Fabris said.

The technology, which is known as Irene (Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.), was developed by the particle physicist Carl Haber and the engineer Earl Cornell at Lawrence Berkeley. Irene extracts sound from cylinder and disk records. It can also reconstruct audio from recordings so badly damaged they were deemed unplayable.

“We are now hearing sounds from history that I did not expect to hear in my lifetime,” Mr. Fabris said.

The Rolfses said they were not sure what to expect in August when they carefully packed their two Edison doll cylinders, still attached to their motors, and drove from their home in Hortonville, Wis., to the National Document Conservation Center in Andover, Mass. The center had recently acquired Irene technology.

Audio

Cylinders carry sound in a spiral groove cut by a phonograph recording needle that vibrates up and down, creating a surface made of tiny hills and valleys. In the Irene set-up, a microscope perched above the shaft takes thousands of high-resolution images of small sections of the grooves.

Stitched together, the images provide a topographic map of the cylinder’s surface, charting changes in depth as small as one five-hundredth the thickness of a human hair. Pitch, volume and timbre are all encoded in the hills and valleys and the speed at which the record is played.

At the conservation center, the preservation specialist Mason Vander Lugt attached one of the cylinders to the end of a rotating shaft. Huddled around a computer screen, the Rolfses first saw the wiggly waveform generated by Irene. Then came the digital audio. The words were at first indistinct, but as Mr. Lugt filtered out more of the noise, the rhyme became clearer.

“That was the Eureka moment,” Mr. Rolfs said.

In 1890, a girl in Edison’s laboratory had recited:

There was a little girl,

And she had a little curl

Audio

Right in the middle of her forehead.

When she was good,

She was very, very good.

But when she was bad, she was horrid.

Recently, the conservation center turned up another surprise.

In 2010, the Woody Guthrie Foundation received 18 oversize phonograph disks from an anonymous donor. No one knew if any of the dirt-stained recordings featured Guthrie, but Tiffany Colannino, then the foundation’s archivist, had stored them unplayed until she heard about Irene.

Last fall, the center extracted audio from one of the records, labeled “Jam Session 9” and emailed the digital file to Ms. Colannino.

“I was just sitting in my dining room, and the next thing I know, I’m hearing Woody,” she said. In between solo performances of “Ladies Auxiliary,” “Jesus Christ,” and “Dead or Alive,” Guthrie tells jokes, offers some back story, and makes the audience laugh. “It is quintessential Guthrie,” Ms. Colannino said.

The Rolfses’ dolls are back in the display cabinet in Wisconsin. But with audio stored on several computers, they now have a permanent voice.

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